根據衛福部統計，糖尿病位居國人十大死因中第五名，需要長時間飲食規劃及藥物控制，因此對於糖尿病患而言，如何透過良好的食物療法使血糖獲得控制，進而避免併發症產生，是治療糖尿病的重要課題。糙薏仁為高纖維穀類，含有許多具有生理活性之化合物，能夠降血糖及血脂，但真正具生理活性的有效部位尚未明確，因此本次實驗主要探討糙薏仁降血糖之有效部位及機制。
以6週齡雄性Wistar 大白鼠進行實驗，共分為六組 : (1) 正常控制組 (Normal control, NC)、(2) 糖尿病組 (Diabetes + high fat diet, DM)、(3) 精白薏仁組 (Diabetes + polished adlay + high fat diet, PA)、(4) 麩皮組 (Diabetes + adlay bran + high fat diet, AB) (5) 糙薏仁組 (Diabetes + dehulled adlay + high fat diet, DA) 以及 (6) 藥物控制組 (Diabetes + rosiglitazone + high fat diet, DT)，實驗共進行8週，飼養期間均採自由飲食。實驗結果顯示，糙薏仁與麩皮可顯著改善因糖尿病引起的高血糖，其機制可能是透過增加肝臟AMPK磷酸化並抑制p38 MAPK磷酸化與PEPCK蛋白表現量以及降低Glucose-6-phosphatase酵素活性，增加Hexokinase活性，使肝醣濃度增加，而在肌肉中能夠增加Akt磷酸化，使GLUT4蛋白表現增加，達到降血糖效果，且葡萄糖耐受性及曲線下面積均明顯改善，同時也能減少糞便中β-glucuronidase活性，減少有毒物質再次被釋放出來。綜合上述結果顯示，糙薏仁可以改善糖尿病動物因高血糖引起的糖代謝異常，且其降血糖效果可能與麩皮有關。

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, diabetes was the fifth leading cause of death in Taiwan. Therefore, for diabetic patients, it is necessary to avoid complications by nutrient therapy to control blood glucose. Dehulled adlay is a high-fiber cereal, which contains many bioactive compounds. Dehulled adlay can lower blood glucose and triglycerides, but the effective part of dehulled adlay is still not clear yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of dehulled adlay on blood glucose in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: (1) Normal control, NC (2) Diabetes + high fat diet, DM (3) Diabetes + high fat diet + polished adlay, PA (4) Diabetes + high fat diet + adlay bran, AB (5) Diabetes + high fat diet + dehulled adlay, DA (6) Diabetes + high fat diet + rosiglitazone, DT. All rats were fed the experimental and drinking water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The results showed that dehulled adlay significantly improve hyperglycemia which was caused by diabetes. The mechanism might be significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and the activity of hexokinase in liver and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, expression of PEPCK and the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase. In muscle, Glut4 was significantly increased to lower blood glucose concentration. Moreover, dehulled adlay inhibited the activity of β-glucuronidase in small intestine to reduce toxic substances release again. Based on the above results, dehulled adlay can improve carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction which caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic animals and the effect of hypoglycemia of dehulled adlay might be related to adlay bran.

目錄
第壹章 前言 1
第貳章 文獻回顧 2
第一節 薏仁 2
第二節 膳食纖維 4
第三節 糖尿病 5
第四節 鏈佐菌素 (Streptozotocin, STZ) 誘導糖尿病 7
第五節 糖代謝 (Carbohydrate metabolism) 8
第六節 糖代謝相關傳遞因子 9
第七節 腸壁黏膜酵素 10
第參章 實驗設計 12
第一節 實驗動機及目的 12
第二節 實驗流程 12
第三節 分析項目 13
第肆章 實驗材料 14
第一節 實驗動物 14
第二節 實驗飼料 14
第三節 實驗藥品 14
第四節 實驗儀器 14
第伍章 實驗方法 16
第一節 動物飼養 16
第二節 糖尿病誘導 16
第三節 動物分組 16
第四節 樣品收集 16
第五節 飼料配方 17
第六節 動物樣品分析 18
第陸章 結果 26
第一節 誘導後空腹血糖結果 26
第二節 實驗期間大白鼠進行口服葡萄糖耐受性試驗 26
第三節 實驗期間大白鼠體重、攝食量、飲水量及排尿量 26
第四節 實驗結束犧牲時大白鼠組織臟器重量 26
第五節 犧牲後大白鼠血漿中各項生化指標 27
第六節 犧牲後大白鼠肝臟中各項生化指標 27
第七節 犧牲後大白鼠糞便細菌酵素活性結果 28
第八節 犧牲後大白鼠肝臟及骨骼肌蛋白表現量 28
第柒章 討論 30
第一節 薏仁對糖尿病大白鼠體重、攝食量、飲水量、排尿量及組織 臟器重量之影響 30
第二節 薏仁對糖尿病大白鼠糖類代謝之影響 30
第三節 薏仁對糖尿病大白鼠脂質代謝之影響 32
第四節 薏仁對糖尿病大白鼠肝功能指標及發炎因子之影響 32
第五節 薏仁對糖尿病大白鼠腸道細菌酵素之影響 32
第捌章 結論 34
參考文獻…… 36

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