鮨科 (Serranidae) 魚類俗稱石斑魚，是台灣常見的高經濟價值魚種，兼具食用與觀賞性，多數棲息於熱帶和亞熱帶海洋，少數棲息於淡水。碩大的體型與兇猛的習性，使得石斑魚在食物鏈中成為頂級的掠食者，因生物累積與放大的作用，導致石斑魚容易蓄積熱帶性海魚毒素與高量的維生素 A，若食用過多則會有維生素 A 中毒與熱帶性海魚毒中毒之風險。在台灣，民國 80 年，就發生過民眾食用紅鱠肝臟而造成熱帶性海魚毒中毒的案例。因此本研究針對台灣常見的紅條石斑魚進行基因序列與毒素的分析，透過聚合酶連鎖反應限制酶片段長度多型性 (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP)，以一種特異性切位限制酶 MspI，成功分離出四種台灣常見之石斑魚，並建立可以快速進行魚種鑑定之圖譜，達到快速辨認魚種之效果。另一方面透過高效能液相層析儀 (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 分析魚體肝臟中維生素 A 的濃度與含量。結果顯示，在紅條石斑魚中肝臟重量與維生素 A 的濃度沒有呈現相關性，但紅條石斑魚中維生素 A 濃度的個體差異很大，有幾尾石斑魚維生素 A 總含量超出維生素 A 慢性中毒的標準 25,000-50,000 IU/d，長期食用則會有維生素 A 慢性中毒之風險。最後以小鼠生物測定法 (mouse bioassay, MBA) 測定紅條石斑魚肉是否具有熱帶性海魚毒中毒之風險，結果顯示，部分小鼠有表現出輕微下痢等活動力下降的症狀，但是並沒有死亡的狀況產生，因此推估熱帶性海魚毒毒素含量是小於最低可估算的毒素含量 0.025 MU/g，顯示食用後並不會有熱帶性海魚毒中毒之風險。

Serranidae is a common species of fish with high economic value in Taiwan. Most of them inhabit in tropical and subtropical oceans, and a few of them inhabit in freshwater. The huge size and ferocious habits make the grouper be the top predator in the food chain. Due to the effect of bioaccumulation and amplification, the liver of the grouper easily accumulates ciguatoxins and high amounts of vitamin A. If people consume them, it may cause risks of vitamin A poisoning and ciguateric fish poisoning. In the 1980s, there were severe cases of ciguateric fish poisoning caused by eating red grouper’s liver in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, the gene sequences and toxins of the common red grouper and several other groupers in Taiwan were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). With one specific cleavage restriction enzymes MspI, four species of grouper commonly found in Taiwan were successfully identified, and a map for rapid identification of fish species was established to achieve the target. On the other hand, the concentration and total content of vitamin A in the liver of fish were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that there was no correlation between the liver weight and the content of vitamin A in red groupers, but individual differences in vitamin A concentration in red-striped grouper were large, and the total vitamin A content of few groupers exceeded the standard for chronic vitamin A poisoning by 25,000-50,000 IU/d. Finally, the mouse bioassay (MBA) was used to determine whether the red groupers had the risk of ciguatera fish poisoning. The results present that some mice showed clinical symptoms such as slightly diarrhea and dyspnea, but there was no death. The ciguatoxin content of fish is less than the minimum estimable ciguatoxin content of 0.025 MU/g. Therefore, it is no risk of ciguatera fish poisoning from eating these red groupers.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
壹、文獻整理 1
一、石斑魚簡介 2
二、魚種鑑定 4
三、熱帶性海魚毒之簡介 7
四、維生素A之簡介 10
貳、研究內容 15
第一章、紅條石斑魚種之基因鑑定 16
一、前言 16
二、材料與方法 17
三、結果 21
四、討論 22
五、圖表 23
第二章、紅條魚種中維生素A含量、熱帶性海魚毒性之分析 34
一、前言 34
二、材料與方法 35
三、結果 38
四、討論 40
五、圖表 42
參、總結論 57
肆、參考文獻 58
謝辭 66
附件 67

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